修行无常－－－－佛学与周易

彭炜珀

<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 161.3pt; mso-char-indent-count: 11.52"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">佛说三般行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial" XML:LANG="EN-US"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">不是每一种不幸都是灾难，有时不幸却常常成为另一种幸福</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial" XML:LANG="EN-US"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<wbr></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">当初佛陀在郁卢吠罗村尼连禅那河畔的菩提树下开悟，成为一个全然觉知的智者，他悟出了什么真理？接着，佛陀游行四十五年传法，他说的又是什么法？佛陀在树下觉悟的人与世界的三个真理就是：诸行无常；诸法无我；涅槃寂静</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #3366ff; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;<wbr></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">佛陀因为感悟人生无常，于是舍弃荣华，出家修佛；成佛之后，也以苦、空、无常的人生真相来开示众生，所以原始佛教教团的成立，可以说是源于佛陀对诸行无常的体悟。《大般涅槃经》说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">诸行无常，是生灭法；生灭灭已，寂灭为乐。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">一切有为法的本性是空寂的，所以无常、无我。所以能实现涅槃，这就是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">三法印</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">的思想根据，也是佛教的根本教义。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;<wbr></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">释迦牟尼在舍卫城说法时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">百万听者中一位妇女</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">面容憔悴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">衣衫褴褛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">世尊轻轻挥手</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">那位妇女便已走到座前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">满含热泪地向佛陀讲述了她自身的悲惨遭遇</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black" XML:LANG="EN-US"><br/></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">　　这位妇女从小生活幸福</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">婚嫁之年来到了现在的家</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">婚后丈夫很爱她</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">他们共同养育了两个儿子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">有自己的田地和房子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">生活十分美满。没想到很快灾难接连地降临这位妇女身上：房屋被烧毁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">丈夫被毒蛇咬死</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">一个儿子被大水冲走</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">另一个儿子又被老鹰抓走。这位妇女从最幸福的人一下变成了最不幸的人。</span> <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">　　她痛苦得不能自拔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">请佛陀帮助她解除痛苦。佛陀就以这个妇女的遭遇</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">向众人说法，<span style="COLOR: black">佛陀说：“一切行皆无常。”世间万像，没有任何是常恒永驻不变的，一切都是由一个起因和后来的条件互相配合变化而成的。这种因缘条件组合而构成的无常变迁，就是我们宇宙的实性。</span>世间一切事物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">都是因缘而生的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">缘聚则生</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">缘尽则灭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">处于不断的迁流转变中；没有恒常的定性．因而所谓诸行无常</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">便是指世间没有湛然常住、永恒不变的事物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">一切现象都是变化无常、虚幻不实的。<span style="COLOR: black">“比丘们啊！这样的观察即是正确的观察，正确观察就能产生离厌心，而不会有喜爱贪图之心，心灵就获得解脱。对外部世界的形形色色应该这样观察；对自己内在的感受、冲动、意识也都要这样观察，看出它们的无常来。还要注意一点，对无常，对苦、空与非我，也应该这样观察。”</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;<wbr></span></p>

孔子世家

善护念~